Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics
| Total (n = 165) | Basic (n = 83) | Augmented (n = 82) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 8.94 ± 2.01 | 8.78 ± 1.97 | 9.10 ± 2.05 |
| IQ | 97.11 ± 13.88 | 97.10 ± 13.92 | 97.12 ± 13.91 |
| Male, n (%) | 128 (78) | 64 (77) | 64 (78) |
| Diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| ODD | 121 (73) | 61 (73) | 60 (73) |
| CD | 44 (27) | 22 (27) | 22 (27) |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 98 (61) | 47 (57) | 51 (62) |
| Black | 67 (41) | 36 (44) | 31 (38) |
| Non-Hispanic | 154 (93) | 77 (93) | 77 (94) |
| Mother's employment, n (%) | |||
| Full or part-time | 85 (52) | 45 (54) | 40 (49) |
| Homemaker | 21 (13) | 10 (12) | 11 (13) |
| Othera | 59 (36) | 28 (34) | 31 (38) |
| Mother's education, n (%) | |||
| Bachelor's/advanced degree | 38 (23) | 24 (30) | 14 (17) |
| Some college/associate's degree | 70 (42) | 38 (46) | 32 (39) |
| High school or less | 56 (34) | 20 (24) | 36 (44) |
| Household income, n (%) | |||
| <20,000 | 61 (37) | 33 (40) | 28 (34) |
| 20,001–40,000 | 35 (21) | 16 (19) | 19 (23) |
| >40,000 | 69 (42) | 34 (41) | 35 (43) |
| Received randomized medication?b, n (%) | |||
| Yes | 145 (88) | 77 (93) | 68 (83) |
| No (stimulant responder) | 7 (4) | 3 (4) | 4 (5) |
| No (dropped out) | 13 (8) | 3 (4) | 10 (12) |
All participants received stimulant and parent training; beginning at week 3, participants randomized to Augmented received additional blinded risperidone and those randomized to Basic received blinded placebo.
a
Other employment included unemployment, disabled, retired, student, or other (open-ended).
b
Randomization occurred at baseline, before 3 weeks of open-label stimulant treatment. At the end of week 3 through week 7, subjects who were not excellent responders to stimulant (“stimulant responder”) were administered the second drug to which they had been randomized (risperidone or placebo).
ODD, oppositional-defiant disorder; CD, conduct disorder.