Table 3.

Age and sex adjusted means (95% confidence interval) and prevalence (percentages) of quantitative markers of disease burden and functional impairment

	Non-frail (n=3,941)	Only Frail (n=64)	Frail with disability (n=94)	Frail and multimorbidity (n=125)	Frail with disability and multimorbidity (n=190)
Neurological
Memory	0.04 (0.01, 0.07)	−0.24 (−0.46, −0.1)†	−0.30 (−0.49, −0.11)†	−0.42 (−0.58, −0.26)†	−0.27 (−0.40, −0.14)†
Processing speed	0.05 (0.02, 0.08)	−0.45 (−0.68, −0.23)†	−0.35 (−0.53, −0.16)†	−0.32 (−0.48, −0.16)†	−0.50 (−0.63, −0.37)†
Executive function	0.05 (0.02, 0.08)	−0.15 (−0.38, −0.08)*	−0.34 (−0.53, −0.15)†	−0.33 (−0.50, −0.17)†	−0.56 (−0.69, −0.42)†
White matter lesions	1.31 (1.26, 1.35)	1.49 (1.13, 1.84)	1.69 (1.41, 1.98)*	1.55 (1.29, 1.80)	1.90 (1.69, 2.10)†
Brain infarct (%)	1,039 (26.4)	21 (32.8)	33 (35.1)	40 (32.0)	67 (35.3)
Musculoskeletal
Bone Mineral Density	0.18 (0.18, 0.19)	0.18 (0.17, 0.18)	0.19 (0.18, 0.19)	0.19 (0.17, 0.19)	0.19 (0.18, 0.20)
Cardiac
CAC	678 (647, 709)	674 (430, 918)	568 (366, 771)	958 (784, 1,132)†	1,065 (923, 1,208)†
Metabolic and other
eGFR	68.5 (68.0, 69.0)	79.9 (75.8, 84.0)	81.1 (77.7, 84.5)	62.8 (59.9, 65.7)	62.6 (60.2, 64.9)
Glucose	103.9 (103.3, 104.6)	100.7 (95.7, 105.8)	103.7 (99.5, 107.9)	104.8 (101.2, 108.5)	107.4 (104.5, 110.4)*
C-reactive protein	3.41 (3.21, 3.60)	4.82 (3.26, 6.38)*	5.10 (3.80, 6.39)*	6.38 (5.26, 7.51)†	5.94 (5.03, 6.85)†
RDW	13.0 (12.9, 13.0)	13.1 (12.9, 13.4)	13.2 (13.0, 13.4)	13.3 (13.1, 13.4)†	13.4 (13.2, 13.5)†

The variables memory, speed and executive functioning are composite, standardized scores with mean 0 and standard dev of 1 in the total population. Brain infarcts are reported using prevalence estimates and corresponding percentages; CAC: Coronary artery calcium level; eGFR: Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, RDW: Red cell Distribution Width; The reference group consisted of non-frail participants:

^*p ≤0.05;

^†p ≤0.01