Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Patients in Each Group.
| Group 1 (n=118) | Group 2 (n=93) | Group 3 (n=194) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 65.5±12.2 | 64.6±13.4 | 49.7±16.8 | <0.001* |
| Male, n (%) | 79 (66.9) | 70 (75.3) | 162 (83.5) | 0.003† |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 52 (44.1) | 47 (50.5) | 41 (21.1) | <0.001* |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 47 (39.8) | 27 (29.0) | 15 (7.7) | <0.001* |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 41 (34.7) | 18 (19.4) | 11 (5.7) | <0.001* |
| NYHA functional class | 2.5±0.6 | 2.0±0.9 | <0.001 | |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 23.6±6.6 | 33.2±12.3 | 61.7±11.3 | <0.001‡ |
| Etiology, n (%) | ||||
| Non-ischemic HF | 78 (66.1) | 45 (48.4) | 0.010 | |
| Ischemic HF | 40 (33.9) | 48 (51.6) | 0.010 | |
| IPAS | 127 (65.5) | |||
| HCMP | 37 (19.1) | |||
| ARVC | 13 (6.7) | |||
| CHD | 12 (6.2) | |||
| RCMP | 3 (1.5) | |||
| Miscellanea | 2 (1.0) | |||
| β-blocker use, n (%) | 81 (68.6) | 72 (77.4) | 150 (77.3) | 0.187 |
| Amiodarone use, n (%) | 21 (17.8) | 36 (38.7) | 13 (6.7) | <0.001‡ |
| ACEI/ARB use, n (%) | 105 (89.0) | 78 (83.9) | 31 (16.0) | <0.001* |
| Defibrillator type, n (%) | ||||
| Single-chamber | 37 (31.4) | 60 (64.5) | 141 (72.7) | <0.001‡ |
| Dual-chamber | 42 (35.6) | 29 (31.2) | 53 (27.3) | 0.257 |
| CRT-D | 39 (33.1) | 4 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| High-rate ICD therapy zone, n (%) | 56 (47.5) | 45 (48.4) | 129 (66.5) | 0.001† |
ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARVC, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; CHD, congenital heart disease; CRT-D, cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator; HCMP, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HF, heart failure; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; IPAS, inherited primary arrhythmia syndrome; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RCMP, restrictive cardiomyopathy.
*Group 3 is significantly different from groups 1 and 2, †Group 3 is significantly different from groups 1, ‡The three groups are significantly different from each other.