Table 1.
Ages and mean scores (standard deviation) and ranges on standardized tests of language and cognition for the four participant groups.
| Group | Age in years | KBIT matrices RS | KBIT matrices SS | KBIT vocabulary SS | PPVT-3 RS | PPVT-3 SS | TROG-2 RS | TROG-2 SS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALI | 10.62 (3.07) | 18.42 (8.82) | 74.75 (22.90) | 71.53 (18.72) | 81.32 (30.21) | 67.60 (16.55) | 4.81 (3.69) | 60.05 (7.96) |
| N = 37 | 6.42–16.32 | 0–39 | 40–112 | 40–107 | 29–147 | 40–100 | 0–12 | 55–85 |
| ALI-TD | 6.03 (2.63) | 18.53 (8.39) | 108.41 (11.66) | 88.53 (35.8) | 110.14 (11.64) | 8.91 (5.41) | 104.77 (14.95) | |
| N = 36 | 3.5–13.2 | 4–39 | 88–143 | 34–177 | 84–135 | 0–19 | 83–139 | |
| ALN | 9.52 (3.35) | 27.13 (8.74) | 108.13 (17.77) | 108.82 (15.15) | 124.11 (40.03) | 106.98 (15.81) | 13.41 (4.87) | 97.39 (12.02) |
| N = 46 | 4.35–16.25 | 7–43 | 65–151 | 76–145 | 43–192 | 72–133 | 2–20 | 81–132 |
| ALN-TD | 9.54 (3.87) | 26.91 (9.59) | 108.89 (13.19) | 125.56 (41.49) | 110.27 (15.96) | 14.59 (4.61) | 104.23 (12.80) | |
| N = 45 | 3.95–17.11 | 9–44 | 85–142 | 46–188 | 80–147 | 2–20 | 81–137 | |
| Group differencesa | ALI-TD < ALI***, ALN***, ALN-TD*** | ALI < ALN***, ALN-TD***. ALI-TD < ALN**, ALN-TD** | ALI < ALI-TD***, ALN***, ALN-TD*** | ALI < ALN*** | ALI < ALN***, ALN-TD***. ALI-TD < ALN**, ALN-TD** | ALI < ALI-TD***, ALN***, ALN-TD*** | ALI < ALI-TD***, ALN***, ALN-TD***. ALI-TD < ALN*, ALN-TD*** | ALI < ALI-TD***, ALN***, ALN-TD***. ALN < ALI-TD*, ALN-TD* |
p < 0.05,
p < 0.01,
p < 0.001.
Measures on which relevant groups were individually matched: KBIT Matrices raw score for ALI and ALI-TD, and ALN and ALN-TD. ALI, Autism Language Impaired; ALN, Autism Language Normal; TD, Typically Developing controls; RS, Raw Score; SS, Standard Score.
Significances for group differences are based on pairwise comparisons (Bonferroni corrected) following a MANOVA with age, raw and standard scores as dependent variables, the four participant groups as the independent variable, and gender as a covariate. There was not a significant effect of gender F(7, 144) = 1.142, p = n.s., but a significant effect of group F(21, 414) = 14.83, p < 0.001; Wilks' lambda = 0.2.