Figure 3.

Crucial Role of Tfh Cells in Shaping Commensal Microbiota Composition

(A) Similarity among cecal microbiota through non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) based on an unweighted Unifrac dissimilarity matrix.

(B) Euclidean distances inferred on taxonomic assignment at family rank between cecal samples from Icos^−/− and Icos^−/−P2rx7^−/− mice.

(C) Statistical analysis of CFUs of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria recovered from the ceca of WT, P2rx7^−/− (n = 10), Icos^−/−, and Icos^−/−P2rx7^−/− mice (n = 5).

(D) Box and whisker plots of the Shannon diversity index at the bacterial family level in WT, P2rx7^−/−, Icos^−/−, and Icos^−/−P2rx7^−/− mouse cecal samples (n = 4).

(E and F) Relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae family (E) and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F) in the indicated mice (n = 4).

(G) Body and WAT weights and blood glucose, insulin, and leptin concentrations (n = 10).

(H) GTT (left) and ITT (right) in WT (white dots), P2rx7^−/− (black squares), Icos^−/− (light gray) and Icos^−/−P2rx7^−/− (dark gray) mice (n = 10).

Means ± SEM are shown, and Mann-Whitney test (C–G) and two-way ANOVA (H) were used. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.