Table 2.
Comparison of heart rates (HRs) measured by electrocardiogram (ECG), and fingertip and facial photoplethysmography (PPG).
| Activity | Device | n | HR≥100 beats/min, n (%) | HR (beats/min) | |||
| Mean (SD) | Minimum | Maximum | |||||
| Fingertip PPG detection | |||||||
|
|
Resting | ||||||
|
|
|
ECG | 80 | 5 (6) | 73.46 (12.74) | 52.67 | 114.00 |
|
|
|
Cardiio | 80 | 5 (6) | 73.41 (12.60) | 52.67 | 112.00 |
|
|
Postmoderate-intensity exercise |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
ECG | 177 | 51 (28.8) | 90.33 (19.85) | 51 | 142 |
|
|
|
Cardiio | 177 | 50 (28.2) | 89.97 (19.95) | 50 | 145 |
|
|
Postvigorous-intensity exercise |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
ECG | 220 | 132 (60.0) | 105.30 (20.07) | 58 | 157 |
|
|
|
Cardiio | 220 | 133 (60.5) | 105.12 (19.91) | 57 | 157 |
| Facial PPG detection | |||||||
|
|
Resting |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ECG | 80 | 5 (6) | 73.46 (12.74) | 52.67 | 114.00 |
|
|
|
Cardiio | 80 | 5 (6) | 73.17 (12.64) | 51.50 | 112.67 |
|
|
Postmoderate-intensity exercise |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
ECG | 188 | 55 (29.3) | 90.44 (19.33) | 51 | 142 |
|
|
|
Cardiio | 188 | 56 (29.8) | 89.35 (19.47) | 52 | 138 |
|
|
Postvigorous-intensity exercise |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
ECG | 201 | 114 (56.7) | 103.46 (19.14) | 58 | 157 |
|
|
|
Cardiio | 201 | 110 (54.7) | 102.53 (19.16) | 59 | 158 |