Figure 3. Collaboration networks with different proportions of edges.

Subgraphs from (a) to (f) are the same collaboration networks but with different proportions of edges, where the nodes with the same color are in the same community detected by a heuristic method based on modularity optimization and the node size is proportional to its degree value. In subgraph (a), the color of edges varies from red to green along with values measured by the LE in ascending order. Based on (a), we obtain subgraphs (b–f) by removing different percentage of edges in ascending order.