Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| All patients (n = 131) | MI (n = 34) | Myocarditis (n = 47) | “No LGE” (n = 50) | P | |
| Age, yr | 48.5 ± 16.1 | 52.4 ± 14.2 | 40.5 ± 13.51 | 53.4 ± 16.93 | < 0.001 |
| Risk factors, n (%) | |||||
| Male gender | 87 (66.4) | 22 (64.7) | 39 (83.0) | 26 (52.0)23 | 0.005 |
| Hypertension | 39 (29.8) | 13 (38.2) | 8 (17.0) | 18 (36.0) | 0.06 |
| Diabetes | 11 (8.4) | 4 (11.8) | 2 (4.3) | 5 (10.0) | 0.42 |
| Dyslipidemia | 38 (29.0) | 9 (26.5) | 10 (21.3) | 19 (38.0) | 0.18 |
| Current smoker | 45 (34.4) | 14 (41.4) | 12 (25.5) | 19 (38.0) | 0.27 |
| Family history of premature CHD | 25 (19.1) | 11 (34.2) | 5 (10.6) | 9 (18.0) | 0.05 |
| Time from symptom onset to admission, h | 9 [2; 24] | 3.5 [2; 13.5] | 13 [4; 48]1 | 9.5 [2; 24] | 0.01 |
| Hospitalization duration, d | 6 [4; 7] | 5.5 [4; 7] | 6 [5; 7] | 5 [4; 7] | 0.42 |
| ECG monitoring duration, d | 5 [4; 6] | 5 [4; 6] | 5 [4; 7] | 4 [3; 6] | 0.12 |
| Primary ECG abnormality, n (%) | 91 (69.5) | 26 (76.5) | 34 (72.3) | 31 (62.0) | 0.32 |
| ST-segment elevation | 46 (35.1) | 9 (26.5) | 22 (46.8) | 15 (30.0) | 0.10 |
| ST-segment depression | 8 (6.1) | 2 (5.9) | 4 (8.5) | 2 (4.0) | 0.65 |
| T-wave inversion | 31 (23.7) | 11 (32.4) | 8 (17.0) | 12 (24.0) | 0.27 |
| Q wave | 2 (1.5) | 2 (5.9) | 0 | 0 | 0.06 |
| Atrioventricular block | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.0) | 0.28 |
| Laboratory measurements | |||||
| Peak troponin, μg/L | 2.1 ± 5 | 3.6 ± 6.1 | 2.9 ± 6.3 | 0.5 ± 0.623 | 0.013 |
| Leucocytes on admission, G/L | 9.3 ± 3.6 | 9.3 ± 3.9 | 9.2 ± 3.5 | 9.2 ± 3.4 | 0.99 |
| CRP on admission, mg/L | 28.2 ± 41.1 | 8.8 ± 18.9 | 39.5 ± 38.41 | 31.0 ± 50.42 | 0.004 |
| Coronary atheroma, n (%) | 45 (34.6) | 15 (45.5) | 14 (29.8) | 16 (32.0) | 0.31 |
| β-blocker use, n (%) | |||||
| During hospitalization | 91 (69.5) | 27 (79.4) | 31 (66.0) | 33 (66.0) | 0.34 |
| At 1 yr | 16 (12.2) | 10 (29.4) | 1 (2.1) | 5 (10.0) | 0.05 |
| ACEI use, n (%) | |||||
| During hospitalization | 56 (43.1) | 16 (48.5) | 16 (34.0) | 24 (48.0) | 0.29 |
| At 1 yr | 17 (13.0) | 10 (29.4) | 1 (2.1)1 | 6 (12.0) | 0.042 |
1
P significant between MI and myocarditis groups;
2
P significant between MI and “no LGE” groups;
3
P significant between myocarditis and “no LGE” groups. MI: Myocardial infarction; LGE: Late gadolinium enhancement; ACEI: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; CHD: Coronary heart disease; CRP: C-reactive protein.