Table 5.
Sociodemographics, lifestyle, anthropometry and blood biochemical profile in patients with multimorbidity.
| Variables | Non Multimorbidities (N = 698) | Multimorbidities (N = 346) | p Value for Chi-Square Test |
|---|---|---|---|
| % (n) | % (n) | ||
| Gender | 0.019 | ||
| Male | 71.5 (261) | 28.5 (104) | |
| Female | 64.4 (437) | 35.6 (242) | |
| Age | <0.001 | ||
| 18–20 | 93.4 (44) | 6.4 (3) | |
| 21–64 | 68.3 (602) | 31.7 (279) | |
| >64 | 39.4 (39) | 60.6 (60) | |
| Education | <0.001 | ||
| Primary school | 56.4 (238) | 43.6 (184) | |
| Secondary school | 73.2 (270) | 26.8 (99) | |
| Tertiary/University | 74.8 (181) | 25.2 (61) | |
| Employment status | <0.001 | ||
| Employed | 69.4 (479) | 30.6 (211) | |
| Unemployed | 84.4 (27) | 15.6 (5) | |
| Students | 91.7 (44) | 8.3 (4) | |
| Unpaid domestic work | 59.4 (92) | 40.6 (63) | |
| Retired | 42.6 (43) | 57.4 (58) | |
| Marital status | <0.001 | ||
| Single | 80.8 (257) | 19.2 (61) | |
| Married | 63.4 (326) | 36.6 (188) | |
| Divorced | 56.7 (72) | 43.3 (55) | |
| Widowed | 44.0 (33) | 56.0 (42) | |
| Tobacco smoking | 24.7 (170) | 18.0 (62) | 0.015 |
| Alcohol consumption | 31.9 (223) | 22.3 (77) | 0.001 |
| Low consumption of fruit and vegetables | 94.1 (657) | 87.0 (301) | <0.001 |
| Low level of physical activity | 70.7 (493) | 73.2 (253) | NS |
| Obesity | 26.8 (134) | 49.7 (144) | <0.001 |
| Central obesity | 44.6 (221) | 71.4 (205) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2); mean ± SD | 27.48 ± 6.13 | 30.84 ± 6.98 | <0.001 * |
| Waist circunference (cm); mean ± SD | 92.22 ± 17.45 | 99.98 ± 17.08 | <0.001 * |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL); mean ± SD | 187.70 ± 44.45 | 202.53 ± 43.27 | <0.001 ** |
| LDL-C (mg/dL); mean ± SD | 113.04 ± 36.82 | 122.51 ± 35.77 | <0.001 ** |
| HDL-C (mg/dL); mean ± SD | 49.06 ± 10.97 | 49.33 ± 11.17 | NS * |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL); mean ± SD | 140.42 ± 113.36 | 164.17 ± 112.81 | 0.008 * |
| Blood glucose (mg/dL); mean ± SD | 94.0 ± 23.50 | 105.69 ± 42.88 | <0.001 * |
| Total risk factors; mean ± SD | 4.3 ± 1.9 | 5.0 ± 1.9 | 0.001 |
BMI = Body Mass Index; SD = Standard Deviation; * p value for Mann–Whitney U test; ** p value for t test.