Table 2.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza and low pathogenicity avian influenza: An epidemiological and clinical comparison of pediatric fatalities and survivors.
| Groups | HPAI (H5N1) | L PAI (H7N9) | p3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatalities (n = 97) | Survivors (n = 132) | p1 | Fatalities (n = 1) | Survivors (n = 42) | p2 | ||
| Percentage of total deaths (%) | 33.1 (97/293) | - | - | 0.4 (1/265) | - | - | 0.030 |
| CFR (%) | 42.5 (97/228) | - | - | 2.4 (1/41) | - | - | <0.001 |
| Male percentage (%) | 46.4 (45/97) | 51.9 (68/131) | 0.410 | 100 (1/1) | 45.2 (19/42) | - | 0.452 |
| Median age (Range, (Years)) | 6.0 (0.9–15) | 4.0 (0.7–15) | <0.001 | 13 | 5.0 (0.75–15) | - | 0.153 |
| Median number of days | |||||||
| Days from onset to hospitalization | 6 (2–13) | 6 (0–25) | 0.963 | 7 | 2.0 (0–8) | - | 0.008 |
| Days from onset to confirmation of infection | 10 (3–15) | 3 (3–14) | 0.034 | 13 | 6.5 (1–67) | - | 0.025 |
| Days from onset to antiviral treatment | 7 (0–14) | 4 (0–25) | 0.044 | 13 | 2.5 (0–13) | - | 0.045 |
| Days from onset to outcome | 13 (3–65) | 10 (6–20) | 0.441 | 17 | 10 (5–15) | - | 0.905 |
| Hospitalization days | 7 (1–61) | 8 (6–18) | 0.596 | 10 | 7 (1–14) | - | 0.271 |
Notes: p1 value: The comparison of confirmed H5NI fatalities and survivors. p2 value: The comparison of confirmed H7N9 fatalities and survivors. p3 value: The comparison of confirmed H7N9 and H5N1 survivors. “-”: Not available. For the survivors, the outcome was defined as the day the patient was discharged from hospital. However, for the fatalities, the outcome was defined as the day the patient died from the disease. The age cutoff used for pediatric cases was defined as 0–15 years old.