Table 3.
Demographic characteristics of clustered H5N1 and H7N9 virus fatalities.
| Characteristics | H5N1 Cluster Fatalities | H7N9 Cluster Fatalities | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index Cases (n = 43) | Secondary Cases (n = 42) | p1 | Index Cases (n = 9) | Secondary Cases (n = 6) | p2 | |
| Percentage of total fatalities (%) | 14.7% (43/293) | 14.3% (42/293) | 0.907 | 3.4% (9/265) | 2.3% (6/265) | 0.432 |
| CFR in clustered cases (%) | 100% (43/43) | 43.3% (42/97) | <0.001 | 37.5% (9/24) | 20.7% (6/29) | 0.176 |
| Median age (range) | 21 (5–69) | 19 (0.75–39) | 0.435 | 56 (37–77) | 54 (21–87) | 0.872 |
| Age group (Years) | ||||||
| 0–9 | 16.3% (7/43) | 16.7% (7/42) | 0.632 | 0.0% (0/9) | 0.0% (0/6) | 0.657 |
| 10–19 | 44.2% (19/43) | 31.0% (13/42) | 0.0% (0/9) | 0.0% (0/6) | ||
| 20–29 | 14.0% (14/43) | 35.7% (15/42) | 0.0% (0/9) | 16.7% (1/9) | ||
| 30–39 | 16.3% (7/43) | 16.7%(7/42) | 11.1% (1/9) | 16.7% (1/9) | ||
| 40–49 | 4.7% (2/43) | 0.0% (0/42) | 11.1% (1/9) | 0.0% (0/6) | ||
| 50–59 | 2.3% (1/43) | 0.0% (0/42) | 44.4% (4/9) | 33.3% (2/9) | ||
| Over 60 | 2.3% (1/43) | 0.0% (0/42) | 33.3% (2/9) | 33.3% (2/9) | ||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 65.1% (28/43) | 52.4% (22/42) | 0.233 | 22.2% (2/9) | 33.3% (2/6) | 0.634 |
| Male | 34.9% (15/43) | 47.6% (20/42) | 0.233 | 77.8% (7/9) | 66.7% (4/6) | 0.634 |
| Comorbidities | 9.3% (4/43) | 0.0% (0/42) | 0.043 | 66.7% (6/9) | 50% (3/6) | 0.622 |
| Exposure history | ||||||
| Any exposure to poultry | 67.4% (29/43) | 45.2% (19/42) | 0.039 | 100% (9/9) | 50% (3/6) | 0.018 |
| Common exposure or human case-contact | 0.0% (0/43) | 28.6% (12/42) | <0.001 | 11.1% (1/9) | 100% (6/6) | 0.001 |
| Median number of days | ||||||
| Days from onset to hospitalization | 5 (1–8) | 5 (2–10) | 0.613 | 5 (2–10) | 3 (0–7) | 0.305 |
| Days from onset to confirmation of infection | 11 (7–18) | 12 (6–14) | 0.089 | 10 (6–15) | 9 (6–13) | 0.956 |
| Days from onset to antiviral treatment | 5 (0–10) | 6 (6–12) | 0.057 | 7 (3–12) | 7 (3–12) | 0.781 |
| Days from onset to death | 8 (2–22) | 9(3–14) | 0.450 | 20 (7–57) | 44 (13–85) | 0.085 |
| Hospitalization days | 3.5 (0–16) | 4(1–10) | 0.406 | 16 (1–54) | 40 (10–83) | 0.125 |
Notes: p1 value: The comparison of confirmed H5N1 index and secondary fatalities. p2 value: The comparison of the confirmed H7N9 index fatalities and secondary fatalities. Any exposure to poultry including: direct contact; indirect contact; proximity to healthy; sick or dead poultry (including all types of poultry or birds, e.g., chickens, ducks, geese, pet birds, pigeons, etc.); having poultry in the neighborhood; and eating poultry products that have not been properly processed. Human case contact: close contact with a confirmed or probable human H5N1/H7N9 case (any time from the day before the onset of illness to when the individual died, or during the period that the individual was hospitalized) in the two weeks before the onset of symptoms. Common exposure: including two or more cases of direct or indirect contact with the same poultry or poultry related environments in the two weeks before the onset of symptoms.