Table 4.

Potential lncRNA biomarkers under investigation in prostate cancer.

References	lncRNA	Alteration in Prostate Cancer	Location	Clinical Association	Description
[57]	lncRNA RP11-543F8.2	Unknown	Unknown	Risk prediction	A set of promising susceptibility loci
[58,59,60,61,62,63]	PCAT1	Upregulation	Tissues, plasma	Risk prediction	Promoting prostate cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth
[64,65,66]	PCGEM1	Upregulation	Tissues	Risk prediction	Polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer
[67,68]	MALAT1	Upregulation	Tissues, urinary	Diagnosis	Preventing unnecessary biopsies
[69,70]	MALAT-1 derived miniRNA (MD-miniRNA)	Upregulation	Plasma	Diagnosis	Higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy
[71]	PCAT-18	Upregulation	Tissues, plasma	Diagnosis	A potential therapeutic target and biomarker for metastatic prostate cancer
[72,73]	lncRNA FR0348383	Upregulation	Tissues	Diagnosis	More outstanding performance than PSA
[74,75,76]	SChLAP1	Upregulation	Tissues	Prognosis	Independently predicting the poor clinical outcomes
[77]	lncRNA LOC400891	Upregulation	Tissues	Prognosis	As an independent predictor for biochemical recurrence-free survival of PCa
[78]	lnc-MX1-1	Upregulation	Tissues	Prognosis	Relevant to patients‘ clinical features
[79,80]	PCAT14	Upregulation	Tissues	Prognosis	Highly expressed in low grade disease and loss of PCAT14 predicts for disease aggressiveness and recurrence.
[81]	lincRNA-p21	Upregulation	Exosomes	Prognosis	A promising prognostic biomarker for the detection and stratification of PCa
[82]	CCAT2	Upregulation	Tissues	Prognosis	High CCAT2 expression level had poorer overall survival and progression-free survival
[83]	HCG11	Downregulation	Tissues	Prognosis	Downregulation of HCG11 expression in tissues was associated with poor survival of PCa patients.
[84]	ATB	Upregulation	Tissues	Prognosis	High lncRNA-ATB expression may be an independent prognostic factor for biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival in prostate cancer patients.