Table 4.

Association of Risk Factors with the Change in the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS) Score and Change in Composite Score. Table Shows the Estimated Score Change per Year and 99% Confidence Limits from Two Separate Mixed Models Regression.

Characteristic	TICSa Change per Year		Composite Scoreb Change per Year
Age, y	−0.05 (−0.06,−0.05)	<.001	−0.05 (−0.07,−0.04)	<.001
Years from baseline	−0.11 (−0.15,−0.07)	<.001	−0.18 (−0.23,−0.14)	<.001
Score at baseline test (1 point increment)	−0.24 (−0.26,−0.22)	<.001	−0.09 (−0.11,−0.08)	<.001
CES-Dc score at baseline (1 point increment)	−0.01 (−0.02,−0.00)	0.004	−0.01 (−0.02,0.00)	0.05
Sex
Male	−0.30 (−0.45,−0.16)	<.001	−0.33 (−0.50,−0.16)	<.001
Female	Reference		Reference
Race
White	0.53 (0.10,0.97)	0.002	0.51 (−0.04,1.05)	0.02
Non-white	Reference		Reference
Education
At least some college	0.43 (0.25,0.60)	<.001	0.30 (0.10,0.51)	<.001
Post-graduate	0.77 (0.56,0.98)	<.001	0.50 (0.25,0.75)	<.001
High school or less	Reference		Reference
History of hypertension
Yes	−0.12 (−0.27,0.02)	0.03	−0.13 (−0.30,0.04)	0.05
No	Reference		Reference

^aTICS, Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status; (TICS-M)³ is a version of the Mini Mental State Examination. The TICS score ranges from 0 to 39 points. The higher score denotes better cognitive function.

^bComposite score. A composite score was constructed by including the score of all 8 cognitive tests by converting all test results into z-scores and then adding the z-scores. The composite score was computed to obtain an overall score for the battery of cognitive function tests, ranging from −22 to 17, with higher scores representing better function.

^cCES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies’ Depression Scale