Table 3. Competing risk adjusted Cox regression analysis of schizophrenia incidence among asthma patients.
| Variable | Unadjusted hazard ratio | Adjusted a hazard ratio | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (95% CI) | P value | Estimate (95% CI) | P value | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Female | 1.03 (0.69–1.52) | 0.899 | 1.02 (0.68–1.52) | 0.941 |
| Age group | ||||
| 18–44 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 45–64 | 1.14 (0.76–1.71) | 0.513 | 0.90 (0.54–1.49) | 0.676 |
| ≥65 | 0.67 (0.42–1.05) | 0.083 | 0.49 (0.26–0.93) | 0.030 |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Rural | 1.32 (0.87–1.99) | 0.190 | 1.54 (1.01–2.36) | 0.044 |
| Insurance amount | ||||
| Fixed premium and dependent | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Less than NTD b 20,000 | 2.23 (1.49–3.32) | <0.001 | 1.55 (0.95–2.52) | 0.077 |
| NTD20,000 or more | 0.48 (0.32–0.74) | 0.001 | 0.54 (0.32–0.92) | 0.023 |
| Corticosteroid (100 DDD c) | 1.13 (0.91–1.45) | 0.111 | 1.12 (0.90–1.56) | 0.356 |
| Outpatient visits d | ||||
| 0–10 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 11–20 | 0.34 (0.10–1.15) | 0.082 | 0.41 (0.12–1.42) | 0.160 |
| ≥21 | 0.42 (0.13–1.32) | 0.138 | 0.56 (0.17–1.82) | 0.335 |
| Emergency room visits d | ||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 1–2 | 2.34 (1.35–4.05) | 0.002 | 2.27 (1.28–4.02) | 0.005 |
| ≥3 | 2.41 (0.59–9.78) | 0.219 | 2.24 (0.55–9.10) | 0.260 |
| Charlson comorbidity index e | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.509 | 0.96 (0.90–1.04) | 0.319 |
| Total length of hospital stays e (100 days) | 1.08 (1.05–1.10) | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.04–1.09) | <0.001 |
a Competing risk adjusted Cox regression analysis controlling by sex, age, residence, insurance amount, corticosteroid, outpatient visits, emergency room visits, Charlson comorbidity index and total length of hospital stays.
b 1US $ = 32.1 NTD in 2008
c DDD: Defined daily dose (mg)
d Past one year of index date.
e Past of index date.
CI: Confidence interval.