Table 1.
Baseline (1990–1992) participant characteristics by 25(OH)D levels in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
| 25(OH)D level, ng/mL | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Deficient <20 | Insufficient 20 to <30 | Sufficient ≥30 | |
| N (%) | 3790 (32) | 5260 (45) | 2739 (23) |
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 56.3 ± 5.7 | 57.0 ± 5.7 | 57.3 ± 5.7 |
| Female, N (%) | 2595 (68) | 2728 (52) | 1345 (49) |
| Race, N (%) | |||
| Black | 1742 (46) | 921 (18) | 176 (6) |
| White | 2048 (54) | 4339 (82) | 2563 (94) |
| Education, N (%) | |||
| ≤11 years | 911 (24) | 1046(20) | 500 (18) |
| 12–16 years | 1519 (40) | 2191 (42) | 1229 (45) |
| 17+ years | 1354 (36) | 2015(38) | 1005 (37) |
| Behavioral characteristics and BMI | |||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 29.4 ± 6.2 | 27.7 ± 4.9 | 26.3 ± 4.2 |
| Smoking, N (%) | |||
| Current | 976 (26) | 1033 (20) | 526 (19) |
| Never | 1200 (32) | 2034 (39) | 1204 (44) |
| Former | 1600 (42) | 2187 (42) | 1009 (37) |
| Physical activity (1–5), mean ± SD | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.9 |
| Physiologic characteristics | |||
| Calcium (mg/dl), mean ± SD | 9.4 ± 0.4 | 9.3 ± 0.4 | 9.3 ± 0.4 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2), mean ± SD | 97.6 ± 18.1 | 95.3 ± 15.9 | 93.0 ± 15.8 |
| FGF-23 (pg/ml), mean ± SD | 43.5 ± 20.3 | 44.5 ± 16.0 | 45.3 ± 16.7 |
| Parathyroid hormone (pg/ml), mean ± SD | 48.2 ± 24.5 | 41.2 ± 17.6 | 36.8 ± 12.6 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dl), mean ± SD | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 |
| Physiologic characteristics | |||
| hs-CRP (mg/l), mean ± SD | 5.2 ± 8.2 | 3.9 ± 6.5 | 3.7 ± 6.6 |
| Diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 732 (19) | 694 (13) | 240 (9) |
| HDL (mg/dl), mean ± SD | 50.4 ± 17.0 | 48.7 ± 16.2 | 51.3 ± 17.8 |
| LDL (mg/dl), mean ± SD | 133.7 ± 37.9 | 134.0 ± 36.3 | 131.7 ± 35.7 |
| SBP (mm Hg), mean ± SD | 123.7 ± 18.0 | 120.6 ± 18.0 | 118.9 ± 17.6 |
| Medication | |||
| Hypertension medication, N (%) | 1413 (37) | 1642 (31) | 748 (27) |
| Cholesterol medication, N (%) | 349 (9) | 185 (4) | 185 (7) |