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. 2017 Mar 23;10:1803–1807. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S132508

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© 2017 Robainas et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Schematic representation of the interaction of tumor cells with the immune system.

Notes: Upper panel represents the unperturbed mechanism of interaction between PD1 with PD-L1 in homeostasis conditions. Lower panel demonstrates the effects of the blockade of the interaction between a tumor cell and a lymphocyte T-cell when there is a PD1 and or PD-L1 inhibitor present (X). It shows the upregulation of autophagy as a defense mechanism.

Abbreviations: IFNγR, interferon gamma receptor; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; PD1, programmed cell death receptor-1; PD-L1, programmed cell death receptor-1 ligand; TCR, T-cell receptor.