Table 4.
Factors Associated with Reported Voice Therapy Recommendation.
| Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race | |||
| White | Referent | ||
| Black or African American | 0.81 | 0.50–1.31 | .39 |
| Other | 0.62 | 0.38–1.02 | .06 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 1.17 | 0.69–1.97 | .55 |
| Male | Referent | ||
| Age, y | |||
| 18–39 | Referent | ||
| 40–59 | 1.43 | 0.73–2.81 | .29 |
| 60+ | 1.65 | 0.86–1.21 | .27 |
| Education | |||
| High school or GED | 0.73 | 0.53–1.01 | .05 |
| Associate degree / BA, BS (4-y college degree) | 1.02 | 0.86–1.21 | .81 |
| MA, MS (master degree) / PhD, MD, JD / other doctoral degree | Referent | ||
| Diagnosis | |||
| Vocal strain / excessive tension | 5.74 | 3.25–10.1 | <.0001 |
| Vocal fold paralysis | 1.80 | 1.48–2.20 | <.0001 |
| Probably benign bump / benign mass or lesion / mass or lesion / vocal process granuloma | 1.88 | 0.98–3.60 | .06 |
| Reflux | 1.09 | 0.20–2.04 | .26 |
| Allergy | 0.64 | 0.93–1.27 | .45 |
| Site status | |||
| Academic | 5.62 | 5.38–5.87 | <.0001 |
| Nonacademic | Referent |