Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study patients.
| All (n = 1121) | Men (n = 630) | Women (n = 491) | p-value for difference | |
| Age (years) | 52.9 ± 11.5 | 51.7 ± 11.5 | 54.5 ± 11.2 | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 81.8 ± 9.4 | 85.5 ± 7.9 | 77.2 ± 9.1 | < 0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 94.5 ± 6.2 | 95.4 ± 6.0 | 93.3 ± 6.3 | < 0.001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 163.7 ± 9.1 | 169.7 ± 6.2 | 156.1 ± 5.9 | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 67.5 ± 12.5 | 73.6 ± 11.4 | 59.6 ± 8.9 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 3.4 | 25.5 ± 3.2 | 24.5 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.8 ± 12.8 | 122.7 ± 11.7 | 120.7 ± 14.1 | 0.011 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.7 ± 9.8 | 76.3 ± 9.3 | 72.7 ±10.0 | < 0.001 |
| Previous history | ||||
| Hypertension | 365 (32.6%) | 210 (33.3%) | 155 (31.6%) | 0.532 |
| Diabetes | 155 (13.8%) | 104 (16.5%) | 51 (10.4%) | 0.003 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 499 (44.5%) | 314 (49.8%) | 185 (37.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 100.3 ± 21.2 | 103.7 ± 23.8 | 96.0 ± 16.3 | < 0.001 |
| (mmol/l) | (5.57 ± 1.18) | (5.76 ± 1.32) | (5.33 ± 0.9) | |
| HbAC1(%) | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 0.9 | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 0.058 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/l) | 11.2 ± 4.1 | 12.5 ± 4.5 | 9.9 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein A-1 (mg/dl) | 142.9 ± 23.9 | 137.4 ± 22.3 | 149.2 ± 24.2 | < 0.001 |
| Apolipotrotein B (mg/dl) | 91.0 ± 21.3 | 93.3 ± 21.4 | 88.5 ± 21.0 | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 191.8 ± 34.4 | 191.3 ± 34.2 | 192.4 ± 34.8 | 0.588 |
| (mmol/l) | (4.97 ± 0.89) | (4.95 ± 0.89) | (4.98 ± 0.9) | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 138.5 ± 89.3 | 158.6 ± 99.6 | 112.8 ± 65.6 | < 0.001 |
| (mmol/l) | (1.57 ± 1.01) | (1.79 ± 1.13) | (1.27 ± 0.74) | |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 112.7 ± 29.9 | 113.4 ± 29.8 | 111.7 ± 30.1 | 0.356 |
| (mmol/l) | (2.92 ± 0.77) | (2.94 ± 0.77) | (2.89 ± 0.78) | |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 49.3 ± 11.6 | 43.0 ± 9.7 | 53.5 ± 12.5 | 21.6 ± 18.5 |
| (mmol/l) | (1.28 ± 0.3) | (1.11 ± 0.25) | (1.39 ± 0.32) | |
| AST (IU/l) | 25.5 ± 12.2 | 26.6 ± 11.2 | 24.2 ± 13.3 | 0.001 |
| ALT (IU/l) | 25.5 ± 18.4 | 28.6 ± 17.7 | 21.6 ± 18.5 | < 0.001 |
| AST/ALT ratio | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
| GGT (IU/l) | 42.8 ± 63.0 | 57.1 ± 78.5 | 24.3 ± 23.7 | < 0.001 |
| ALP (IU/l) | 130.4 ± 86.0 | 132.9 ± 87.6 | 127.3 ± 83.8 | 0.283 |
BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c: haemoglobin A1c; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase.