Table 3.
Results from meta-regression analysis of 32 long term outcome reports of PA and diet interventions
| Simple meta-regressiona | Multiple meta-regressionb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study characteristics | b | 95% CI | P value | Adj. R2 % | b | 95% CI | P value |
| BCT 1.1 Goal setting behaviourc | 0.228 | (0.056, 0.400) | 0.011 | 38.5 | 0.175 | 0.043, 0.307 | 0.011 |
| BCT 1.2 Problem solvingc | 0.161 | (−0.005, 0.327) | 0.057 | 25.1 | |||
| BCT 1.3 Goal setting outcomec | 0.256 | (0.095, 0.416) | 0.003 | 53.2 | |||
| BCT 1.5 Review behaviour goalsc | −0.319 | (−0.678, 0.040) | 0.078 | 19.8 | |||
| BCT 2.3 Self-monitoring of behaviourc | 0.184 | (0.009, 0.360) | 0.040 | 30.8 | |||
| BCT 2.7 Feedback on outcome of behaviourc | 0.249 | (0.085, 0.412) | 0.004 | 43.8 | 0.145 | 0.021, 0.269 | 0.024 |
| BCT 3.1 Social support (unspecified)c | 0.192 | (−0.011, 0.394) | 0.063 | 21.6 | |||
| BCT 8.7 Graded tasksc | 0.203 | (0.043, 0.363) | 0.014 | 37.1 | |||
| BCT 12.5 Adding objects to the environmentc | 0.182 | (0.010, 0.354) | 0.039 | 12.7 | |||
| Method basedd | |||||||
| MI/SDT | 0.000 | reference | |||||
| ACT/CT/HAES/Mindful/other | −0.303 | (−0.500, −0.105) | 0.004 | ||||
| Unclear | −0.199 | (−0.372, −0.026) | 0.026 | 57.5 | −0.170 | −0.294, −0.045g | 0.009 |
| Number of BCTs unique to the intervention groupe | 0.028 | (0.012, 0.044) | 0.001 | 54.3 | |||
| Total number of BCTs in intervention + control groupf | 0.030 | (0.014, 0.046) | 0.001 | 61.3 | |||
| Adj. R2 % | 100.0 | ||||||
Abbreviations and symbols: BCT Behaviour change technique, PA physical activity, ß estimated meta-regression coefficient, CI confidence interval, Adj. R 2 adjusted proportion of between study variance explained by predictors
aSimple linear meta-regression of pooled estimates of 17 physical activity and 15 diet intervention’s outcome reports. Only predictors with significant or borderline significant effects are reported; bMultiple linear meta-regression: results after stepwise backwards elimination from model with all significant predictors included. Only effects with p < 0.05 are retained in the model; cThe difference of BCTs between intervention and control group contains this BCT, compared to studies not having this difference. dMethod-based interventions comparing MI or SDT based interventions with Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), Cognitive therapy (CT), Health-at-every-size (HAES) approach, Mindful based intervention or other methods, versus no method mentioned; eThe number of unique BCTs in the intervention groups as compared with the control group; fThe total number of BCTs in intervention and control group; gThe variable is dichotomized in the multiple meta-regression analysis to MI/SDT versus all others