ECM-related collagen I, collagen III, and collagen IV expression and hydroxyproline content in the five groups. (a) Expression of collagen I by immunohistochemical staining (magnification ×200). (b) Expression of collagen III by immunohistochemical staining (magnification ×200). (b) Expression of collagen IV by immunohistochemical staining (magnification ×200). (a–c) Expressions of collagen I, collagen III, and collagen IV were the highest in the BDL group, which were decreased in association with the carvedilol dosage. ∗∗P < 0.05, ∗P < 0.01 versus BDL group for 2 weeks; ##P < 0.05, #P < 0.01 versus BDL group for 4 weeks. (d) Liver hydroxyproline content expressed as μg/mg of wet tissue. The content of hydroxyproline was markedly decreased after carvedilol treatment, especially in the CAR-M and CAR-H groups. ∗P < 0.01 versus BDL group for 2 weeks; ##P < 0.05, #P < 0.01 versus BDL group for 4 weeks. CAR-H versus CAR-L, P < 0.05.