Table 2.

High-throughput sequencing studies of pancreatic cancer.

Author	Publication Year	Case Number	Sequencing Method	Main Discovery
Jones S	2008	24	Exome Sequencing	Identified a core set of 12 altered cellular signaling pathways and processes.
Yachida S	2010	7	Exome Sequencing	Demonstrated genetic heterogeneity of metastatic cancer within primary carcinoma and a large window of opportunity for early detection.
Campbell PJ	2010	13	Parallel paired-end sequencing	Demonstrated genomic instability and genetic heterogeneity.
Collisson EA	2011	2 databases	Gene expression microarray	Identified three molecular subtypes and presented evidence of differences in clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses among them.
Biankin AV	2012	99	Whole-genome sequencing; Copy number variation analysis	Identified 16 significantly mutated genes, as well as frequent and diverse somatic aberrations in genes involved in axon guidance, particularly SLIT/ROBO signaling.
Moffitt RA	2015	206	Gene expression microarray	Identified and validated the 'classical' and 'basal-like' tumor subtypes; defined the 'normal' and 'activated' stromal subtypes.
Waddell N	2015	100	Whole-genome sequencing; Copy number variation analysis	Classified PDAC into 4 molecular subtypes according to patterns of structural variation.
Bailey P	2016	456	Whole-genome sequencing; Deep exome sequencing; CNV analysis	Identified 32 recurrently mutated genes grouped into 10 pathways; defined 4 PDAC molecular subtypes by expression analysis.