Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics of Cases With and Without Autoimmune Features
| Autoimmune (n = 47) | Non-autoimmune (n = 18) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Features | |||
| Age (y)a | 53.1 (16–84) | 43.3 (18–77) | .4 |
| Female sex | 43 (92%) | 15 (83%) | .4 |
| Race | |||
| White | 33 (70%) | 13 (72%) | .4 |
| Black | 11 (23%) | 4 (22%) | |
| Other | 3 (6%) | 1 (5%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.8 (18.2–49.9) | 24.6 (17.7–49.5) | .5 |
| Latency | |||
| Latency (days)a | 277 (8–7032) | 100 (13–1572) | .03 |
| <1 mo | 4 (9%) | 5 (28%) | |
| 1–6 mo | 16 (34%) | 7 (39%) | .1 |
| 6–12 mo | 5 (11%) | 2 (11%) | |
| >12 mo | 22 (47%) | 4 (22%) | |
| Initial results | |||
| ALT (U/L)a | 954 (74–3700) | 1237 (108–3242) | .5 |
| AST (U/L)a | 867 (172–2504) | 923 (97–2221) | .9 |
| Alk P (U/L)a | 176 (74–783) | 188 (83–607) | .9 |
| R ratioa,b | 14.4 (0.4–82.4) | 14.0 (1.1–59.2) | .8 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL)a | 6.3 (0.3–27.5) | 4.7 (0.3–29.7) | .4 |
| Pattern of injuryb | |||
| Hepatocellular | 35 (74%) | 14 (78%) | .8 |
| Mixed | 8 (17%) | 2 (11%) | |
| Cholestatic | 4 (9%) | 2 (11%) | |
| Symptoms, signs | |||
| Jaundice | 32 (68%) | 10 (56%) | .4 |
| Itching | 25 (53%) | 8 (44%) | .6 |
| Rash | 9 (19%) | 4 (22%) | .7 |
| Fever | 15 (32%) | 3 (17%) | .4 |
| Eosinophilia | 1 (2%) | 3 (19%) | .05 |
| Phenotype | |||
| Immunoallergic | 9 (19%) | 3 (17%) | 1.0 |
| Autoimmune | 47 (100%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Course and outcome | |||
| Severity scorec | |||
| Mild (1+) | 15 (32%) | 5 (28%) | .4 |
| Moderate (2+, 3+) | 18 (38%) | 10 (56%) | |
| Severe (4+, 5+) | 14 (30%) | 3 (17%) | |
| Severity scored | 2.6 (1–5) | 2.6 (1–4) | .8 |
| Liver transplant | 3 (6%) | 0 | .6 |
| Death | 2 (4%) | 0 | 1.0 |
| Corticosteroid therapy | 20 (43%) | 11 (61%) | .3 |
| Chronicity (6 mo)e | 7/41 (17%) | 3/14 (21%) | .70 |
| Histologic features | (n = 13) | (n = 5) | |
| Interface hepatitis | 13 (100%) | 5 (100%) | |
| Plasma cells | 9 (69%) | 2 (40%) | |
| Hepatocyte rosettes | 10 (77%) | 4 (80%) | |
| Acute hepatitic pattern | 7 (54%) | 2 (40%) | |
| Chronic hepatitic pattern | 0 | 1 (20%) | |
BMI, body mass index.
a
Median (range).
b
R ratio = (ALT/ULN) ÷ (Alk P/ULN). Hepatocellular, R ratio >5; Mixed, R ratio 2–5; Cholestatic, R ratio <2.
c
Severity score: Mild = serum enzyme elevations without jaundice; Moderate = serum enzyme elevations and jaundice (bilirubin >2.5 mg/dL); Severe = jaundice and evidence of hepatic failure, death, or liver transplantation within 6 months of onset.
d
Chronicity = abnormal ALT, Alk P, or bilirubin values at 6 months.
e
Mean (range).