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Pre-intervention inflammatory markers between non-smokers and smokers groups
| Non-smokers (n = 32) | Smokers (n = 64) | |
|---|---|---|
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 2755.42 (172.00) | 2821.25 (99.71) |
| IL-6 (ng/mL) | 2.37 (0.30) | 1.77 (0.16) |
| hsCRP (ng/mL) | 1.58 (0.25) | 2.45 (0.24)* |
Data are presented as mean (SEM). TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL interleukin; hsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein. *p < 0.05 compared to non-smokers (Independent t-test)
