Table 1.
Maternal characteristics of mothers delivering singleton live births and stillbirths at the district study hospitals (October 1, 2009 and March 15, 2010)
| Maternal characteristics | Live-birth (n = 650) |
Stillbirth (n = 49) | Total (n = 699) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data collected from medical records | ||||
| Maternal Age (years) | 647 (100) | 49 (100) | 696 (100) | |
| < 20 | 77 (11.9) | 7 (14.3) | 84 (12.1) | 0.294 |
| 20–35 | 430 (69.6) | 29 (59.2) | 479 (68.8) | |
| > 35 | 143 (18.5) | 13 (26.5) | 133 (19.1) | |
| Mean ± SD | 27.94 ± 7.00 | 29.65 ± 7.6 | 28.06 ± 7.05 | 0.101 |
| Range | 14–50 | 14–44 | 14–50 | |
| Gravidity | 648 (100) | 49 (100) | 697 (100) | |
| 1 | 311 (48.0) | 19 (38.8) | 330 (47.3) | 0.460 |
| 2–3 | 246 (38.0) | 14 (44.9) | 268 (38.5) | |
| 4+ | 91 (14) | 8 (16.3) | 99 (14.2) | |
| Insurance | 642 (100) | 49 (100) | 691 (100) | |
| Insurance for the poor | 350 (54.5) | 25 (51.0) | 375 (54.3) | 0.452 |
| Other insurance | 37 (5.8) | 5 (10.2) | 42 (6.1) | |
| Out of pocket | 255 (39.7) | 19 (38.8) | 274 (39.7) | |
| Residence | 650 (100) | 49 (100) | 699 (100) | |
| Urban | 139 (21.4) | 10 (20.4) | 149 (21.3) | 0.872 |
| Rural | 511 (78.6) | 39 (79.6) | 550 (78.7) | |
| Referral (info from case notes) | 650 (100) | 49 (100) | 699 (100) | |
| Referred from other health provider | 483 (74.3) | 30 (61.2) | 513 (73.4) | 0.046 |
| Self referred | 167 (25.7) | 19 (38.8) | 186 (26.6) | |
| Time of Admission | 646 (100) | 47 (100) | 693 (100) | |
| Weekdays (07.01–14.00) | 273 (42.3) | 21 (44.7) | 294 (42.4) | 0.957 |
| (14.01–21.00) | 156 (24.1) | 12 (25.5) | 168 (24.2) | |
| (21.01–07.00) | 134 (20.7) | 9 (19.1) | 143 (20.6) | |
| Weekend | 83 (12.9) | 5 (10.6) | 88 (12.7) | |
| Time of Delivery | 535 (100) | 45 (100) | 580 (100) | |
| Weekdays (07.01–14.00) | 239 (44.7) | 18 (40) | 257 (44.3) | 0.202 |
| (14.01–21.00) | 102 (19.1) | 14 (31.1) | 116 (20) | |
| (21.01–07.00) | 116 (21.7) | 6 (13.3) | 122 (21) | |
| Weekends | 78 (14.6) | 7 (15.6) | 85 (14.7) | |
| Maternal Diagnosisa | 650 (100) | 49 (100) | 699 (100) | |
| Normal (or minor complications) | 75 (11.5) | 15 (30.6) | 90 (12.9) | <0.001 |
| Antepartum hemorrhage | 26 (4.0) | 4 (8.2) | 30 (4.3) | 0.166 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 31 (4.8) | 7 (14.3) | 38 (5.4) | 0.005 |
| Severe preeclampsia/eclampsia | 72 (11.1) | 7 (14.3) | 79 (11.3) | 0.494 |
| Maternal hypertension not associated with preeclampsia/eclampsia | 59 (9.1) | 2 (4.1) | 61 (8.7) | 0.301 |
| PROM | 181 (27.8) | 4 (8.2) | 185 (26.5) | 0.003 |
| Dystocia | 175 (26.9) | 6 (12.2) | 181 (25.9) | 0.024 |
| Malpresentation | 68 (10.5) | 15 (30.6) | 83 (11.9) | <0.001 |
| Obstetric Infection | 9 (1.4) | 4 (8.2) | 13 (1.9) | 0.001 |
| Mode of Delivery | 650 (100) | 49 (100) | 699 (100) | |
| Spontaneous | 347 (53.4) | 40 (81.6) | 387 (55.4) | 0.001 |
| Assisted vaginal | 22 (3.4) | 0 (0) | 22 (3.1) | |
| Cesarean | 281 (43.2) | 9 (18.4) | 290 (41.5) | |
| Severity of illness | 650 (100) | 49 (100) | 699 (100) | |
| No complications | 75 (11.5) | 15 (30.6) | 90 (12.9) | <0.001 |
| Mild-severe complications | 521 (80.2) | 25 (51.0) | 546 (78.1) | |
| Near-miss or death | 54 (8.3) | 9 (18.4) | 63 (9) | |
| Near-miss by time | 650 (100) | 49 (100) | 699 (100) | |
| Non Near-miss | 596 (91.7) | 42 (85.7) | 638 (91.3) | 0.047 |
| Near-miss at admission | 19 (2.9) | 5 (10.2) | 24 (3.4) | |
| Near-miss after admission | 25 (3.8) | 2 (4.1) | 27 (3.9) | |
| Near-miss time unclear | 10 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 10 (1.4) | |
Data are mean ± standard deviation or n (%)
aDiagnoses are not mutually exclusive
Data in italics have precise significance