Table 4.

PICOS framework

PICOS	Definition
Population	All individuals
Intervention	Vaccination against HPV infection, with a cervical screening strategy
Comparators	One of the following three scenarios: - Vaccination against HPV infection, with an alternative cervical screening strategy - Vaccination against HPV infection only - An alternative cervical screening strategy only
Outcomes	Health economic endpoint (with a focus on the cost-effectiveness result (quality-adjusted life-year, cost-effectiveness ratio) and clinical outcomes (cancers/cases avoided)
Study types	Cost-effectiveness analyses