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. 2017 Mar 29;17:229. doi: 10.1186/s12885-017-3186-8

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Future perspective: Today every patient receives adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection, regardless of individual tumor characteristics (a). If it is possible to predict the pattern of failure reliably, tumor treatment can be individualized and linked to biomarker expression patterns. Patients most likely developing metastatic spread might need intensified chemotherapy. Patients developing local recurrence might benefit from localized therapies like radiochemotherapy (b)