Fig 2. Response time and cumulative probability of spawning in male and female crown-of-thorns starfish after exposure to environmental and biological cues.

(a) seawater temperature, (b) water quality, (c) phytoplankton, (d) conspecific gametes, (e) sperm and phytoplankton. Solid circles are individual spawning events and different letters indicate significant differences based on multiple comparisons (Holm-Šídák) after Log-rank analyses. FSW = 0.2-μm filtered seawater; LS-FSW = low salinity filtered seawater; NE-FSW = nutrient-enriched filtered seawater; PP = combination of three phytoplankton species.