Fig 3. Schematic diagram of proposed cascade model for spawning induction and synchrony in response to environmental and biological cues.

Grey arrows are responses to environmental cues and black arrows refer to biological cues. Neurohormonal mechanisms are based on Giese and Kanatani [14] and Mita et al. [15]. GSS = gonad-stimulating substance (relaxin-like gonad stimulating peptide); MIH = maturation-inducing hormone; MPF = maturation-promoting factor; FEBD = follicular envelop breakdown; GVBD = germinal vesicle breakdown.