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. 2017 Mar 21;5(6):e13182. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13182

Figure 1.

Figure 1

GF mice have increased GI transit time and altered contractility when compared to SPF mice. (A) Whole gut transit time of the GF and SPF mice. (B) Left: quantification of changes (Δ) in peak force produced by colonic rings from SPF and GF mice in response to different amounts of carbachol. Right: representative tension recordings from colon rings contracted by 50 μmol/L carbachol stimulation. (C) quantification of changes (Δ) in peak force produced by colonic rings from GF and SPF mice in response to KCl. In (A) n = 3 per group presented as mean ± SEM, **** P < 0.0001. In (B) and (C) data shown represents the relative force of the rings from proximal parts of the colon. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM 4 different mice 4 rings, n = 16 *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. GF, Germ‐free; SPF, specific pathogen‐free.