Table 1.
Genes and corresponding proteins regulated by Nrf2.
| Gene | Protein/enzyme name | Role | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| SLC1A1 | Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 | Cysteine transporter, usually associated with neurons | (36) |
| GCLC | γ-glutamylcysteine ligase (catalytic subunit) | Subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH production | (39) |
| GCLM | γ-glutamylcysteine ligase (modifier subunit) | ||
| TXNRD1 | Thioredoxin reductase | Selenoprotein in thioredoxin antioxidant pathway | (40, 41) |
| G6PD | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase | Pentose phosphate pathway enzyme that maintains reduced NADPH | (42) |
| SLC7A11 | xCT subunit of amino acid transporter system Xc− | Cystine transporter in astroglial cells | (43, 44) |
| HSP70 | Heat shock protein 70 | Cellular stress response protein | (45) |
| HSP40 | Heat shock protein 40 | ||
| MTHFD2 | Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 | Purine synthesis | (46) |
| IDH1 | Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 | Converts isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate, regenerating NADPH | (47) |