Table 1.
Human selected antimicrobial peptides.
| Name | Source | Activity | 3D structurea (35) |
Length (aa) | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α | β | αβ | |||||
| Cathelicidin LL-37 | Neutrophils, skin monocytes, lymphocytes, MCS, sweat, airway surface liquid, saliva | G, V, F, P, C | √ | 37 | (40) | ||
| Dermcidin | Skin, sweat | G, F | √ | 47 | (41) | ||
| Granulysin | Cytolitic T and NK cells | G, F, P, C | √ | 74 | (42) | ||
| Histatin 5 | Saliva | V, F | √ | 24 | (43) | ||
| Lactoferricin | Human milk, tears, saliva, bronchial mucus, and seminal plasma | G, V, F, P | √ | 49 | (44) | ||
| Lysozyme | Saliva, tears, intestine | G, F | √ | 130 | (45) | ||
| Psoriasin/S100A7 | Skin, salivary gland, breast | G− | √ | 101 | (46) | ||
| α-Defensin HNP-1 | Neutrophils, bone marrow | G, V, F, P, C | √ | 30 | (47) | ||
| α-Defensin HNP-2 | Neutrophils, bone marrow | G, V, F, C | √ | 29 | (47) | ||
| α-Defensin HNP-3 | Neutrophils, bone marrow | G, V, F, C | √ | 30 | (47) | ||
| α-Defensin HNP-4 | Neutrophils | G, V, F | √ | 33 | (48) | ||
| α-Defensin HD-5 | Paneth cells, intestine, female reproductive system | G, V, F | √ | 32 | (49) | ||
| α-Defensin HD-6 | Paneth cells, intestine | G, V, F | √ | 32 | (50) | ||
| Hepcidin 20 | Plasma, urine, liver | G, F | √ | 20 | (51) | ||
| Hepcidin 25 (LEAP-1) | Plasma, urine/liver heart, kidney, adipose tissue, pancreas and hematopoietic cells, MSCs, myeloid cells (monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils) | G, F | √ | 25 | (51) | ||
| Secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) | Tears, saliva, airway, gastrointestines, genital tracts | G, V, F | √ | 102 | (52) | ||
| RNase 5 angiogenin | Liver, skin, intestine | G+, F | √ | 125 | (53) | ||
| Chemokine CCL1 | T cells | G | √ | 73 | (54) | ||
| Chemokine CCL8 | Fibroblasts, endothelial cells | G− | √ | 75 | (54) | ||
| Chemokine CCL13 | Epithelial cells, mononuclear cells | G- | √ | 75 | (54) | ||
| Chemokine CCL20 | Skin, B cells, myeloid dendritic cell, memory T cell | G, F, P | √ | 69 | (54, 55) | ||
| Chemokine CCL27 | Memory T cell | F | √ | 56 | (56) | ||
| Chemokine CXCL1 | Macrophages, neutrophils, epithelial cells | G | √ | 73 | (54) | ||
| Chemokine CXCL10 | Monocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts | G, F, P | √ | 77 | (57) | ||
| β-Defensin hBD-1 | Kidney, skin, salivary glands | G, F, C | √ | 36 | (58) | ||
| β-Defensin hBD-2 | Skin, lung, epithelia, uterus, salivary glands | G, V, F | √ | 41 | (58) | ||
| β-Defensin hBD-3 | Skin, salivary glands | G, V, F | √ | 45 | (58) | ||
| Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, Lcn2) | Bone marrow, uterus, prostate, salivary gland, stomach, appendix, colon, trachea, lung, small intestine, pancreas, kidney and prostate. MSCs, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells | G | √ | 178 | (59–63) | ||
| RegIIIα | Intestine | G+ | √ | 149 | (64) | ||
| RNase 7 | Urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin | G, F | √ | 128 | (65) | ||
aData from the APD (http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/database/query_input.php). Antimicrobial activities are annotated as G, bacteria; G+, Gram-positive bacteria only; G−, Gram-negative bacteria only; F, fungi; P, parasites; V, viruses; C, cancer cells.