Table 2.

Effects of creatine supplementation on muscle injury and dysfunction

Supplementation protocol	Population	Muscle cramps	Muscle tightness	Muscle strains	Total injuries	Contact and non-contact injuries	Missed practices and players lost for season	References
0.3 g/kg/day for 5 days followed by 0.03 g/kg/day for 115 days; OL	72 division IA college football players	Fewer in creatine group	Fewer in creatine group	Fewer in creatine group	Fewer in creatine group	ND between creatine and non-creatine users	ND between creatine and non-creatine users	[141]
15.75 g/day for 5 days followed by 5 g/day for rest of season; OL	39 division I college baseball players	ND between creatine and non-creatine users	ND between creatine and non-creatine users	ND between creatine and non-creatine users	Fewer in creatine group	ND between creatine and non-creatine users	ND between creatine and non-creatine users	[142]
15.75 g/day for 5 days followed by 5 g/day for three seasons; OL	130 division IA college football players	Fewer in creatine group	ND between creatine and non-creatine users	ND between creatine and non-creatine users	ND between creatine and non-creatine users	ND between creatine and non-creatine users	ND between creatine and non-creatine users	[143]a

d day, ND no difference, OL open label

^aOnly descriptive statistics were presented in this article