Table 2.

Parameter estimates of the measurement equations for the noncognitive latent variable

Measure	Covariates (latent variables)
	${\mathrm{\theta }}_0^{\mathit{NC}}$	${\mathrm{\theta }}_1^{\mathit{NC}}$	${\mathrm{\theta }}_2^{\mathit{NC}}$	${\mathrm{\theta }}_3^{\mathit{NC}}$
Panel A
Low positive mooda	–1
	––
Distress to noveltya	–1.954**
	(0.461)
Irregularitya	–1.815**
	(0.385)
Hyperactivity Scaleb		–0.971**	–1.302**	–1.266**
		(0.038)	(0.046)	(0.054)
Emotion Symptoms Scaleb		–0.937**	–1.860**	–2.122**
		(0.034)	(0.057)	(0.063)
Conduct Problemsb		–1	–1	–1
		––	––	––
Peer Problemsb		–0.507**	–0.912**	–0.958**
		(0.023)	(0.036)	(0.036)
	Covariates (observed variables)
	White	Male
Panel B
Hyperactivity Scaleb (age 3)	–0.046	0.195**
	(0.082)	(0.043)
Emotion Symptoms Scaleb (age 3)	–0.190**	0.013
	(0.058)	(0.032)
Conduct Problemsb (age 3)	–0.074	0.092*
	(0.082)	(0.038)
Peer Problemsb (age 3)	–0.268**	0.016
	(0.052)	(0.033)
Hyperactivity Scaleb (age 5)	–0.209**	0.106**
	(0.069)	(0.032)
Emotion Symptoms Scaleb (age 5)	–0.229**	–0.081*
	(0.073)	(0.037)
Conduct Problemsb (age 5)	0.012	0.086**
	(0.048)	(0.024)
Peer Problemsb (age 5)	–0.133**	0.045†
	(0.054)	(0.025)
Hyperactivity Scaleb (age 7)	–0.144*	0.209**
	(0.069)	(0.036)
Emotion Symptoms Scaleb (age 7)	–0.073	–0.118**
	(0.081)	(0.039)
Conduct Problemsb (age 7)	0.060	0.089**
	(0.048)	(0.024)
Peer Problemsb (age 7)	–0.150**	0.073**
	(0.046)	(0.026)

Note: Standard errors are shown in parentheses.

^aDummy variable.

^bHigher values indicate worse behavioral problems.

^† p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01