Table 1.
Cognitive performance per core subtest on the COgnitive-PD study neuropsychological test battery.
| High-performing COPD patients (n = 25) | Low-performing COPD patients (n = 30) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome measure | Mean (SD) | Z ≤ −1 | Mean (SD) | Z ≤ −1 |
| VVLT total recall (number correct: 0–75)* | 54.4 (8.6) | 0.0% | 35.4 (9.1) | 50.0% |
| VVLT delayed recall (number correct: 0–15)* | 11.3 (2.8) | 4.0% | 6.3 (2.8) | 56.7% |
| GIT-II animal naming (number of animal names)‡ | 25.5 (5.1) | 0.0% | 19.2 (5.6) | 30.0% |
| LDST 60 s written (number correct: 0–125)*§ | 33.8 (6.1) | 0.0% | 23.4 (6.1) | 50.0% |
| CST-C (time in seconds)† | 32.1 (11.0) | 4.0% | 50.1 (18.0) | 36.7% |
| SCWT card III (time in seconds)† | 46.7 (43.4) | 16.0% | 63.3 (21.9) | 80.0% |
Abbreviations: CST, Concept Shifting Test; GIT, Groningen Intelligence Test; LDST, Letter Digit Substitution Test; SD, standard deviation; SCWT, Stroop Colour-Word Test; VVLT, Visual Verbal Learning Test; Z ≤ −1, percentage of patients with a Z score of −1 or lower. *Higher scores indicate better performance; ‡Indicates score has no upper limit; §At least one of out the two LDST 60 subtests had to be scored with a score less than 1.0 SD below the age-, gender- and education-specific mean of the MAAS study population to have an impaired score on the LDST subtest; †Higher scores indicate worse performance.