Table 2.
Summary of participant characteristics.
| Variableb | Asthmaa |
Control group (N = 12)a | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group A (N = 17) | Group B (N = 10) | |||
| Age (years) | 14 (11 – 17) | 14 (12 – 19) | 14 (11 – 17) | 0.44ˆd |
| Sex (M/F) | 8/2 | 14/3 | 4/8 | 0.01ˆc |
| Socioeconomic Status | 0.6 (-4.4 – 1.9) | –0.9 (-4.3 – 1.6) | –1.2 (-3.3 – 1.7) | 0.54ˆd |
| Distance to road (Near/Far) | 7/10 | 7/3 | 7/5 | – |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 5.4 | 24.1 ± 4.8 | 23.0 ± 4.4 | 0.58ˆd |
| CRP (μg/ml) | 0.7 (0.1 – 2.1) | 0.7 (0.2 – 3.8) | 0.9 (0.1 – 2.6) | 0.96ˆd |
| Atopy, (%) | 88% | 73% | 67% | 0.60ˆd |
| Cigarette smoking (N) | 0 | 0 | 1 | – |
| Oral steroid use (N) | 1 | 0 | 0 | – |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | ||||
| Pre-Bronchodilator | 85.3 ± 8.0 | 83.5 ± 9.9∗ | 90.1 ± 4.0 | 0.08ˆd |
| Post-Bronchodilator | 87.2 ± 6.4∗∗ | 88.5 ± 7.3∗ | 93.1 ± 4.2 | 0.04ˆd |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 102.9 ± 18.2∗ | 102.5 ± 19.8 | 110.7 ± 20.0 | 0.50ˆd |
| WBC count, (103 cells/μl) | 8.6 (4.8 – 9.9)∗ | 6.7 (3.8 – 11.1) | 6.2 (5.2 – 8.9) | 0.13ˆd |
| Lymphocytes | 2.9 (2.0 – 4.1) | 2.5 (1.5 – 4.0) | 2.6 (1.9 – 3.6) | 0.26ˆd |
| Eosinophils | 0.5 (0.1 – 1.2)∗∗ | 0.6 (0.11 – 1.0)∗∗ | 0.3 (0.1 – 0.5) | 0.01ˆd |
| Monocytes | 0.6 (0.3 – 0.8)∗ | 0.4 (0.2 – 0.7) | 0.4 (0.3 – 0.5) | 0.04ˆd |
| Neutrophils | 3.9 (2.0 – 7.4) | 3.6 (1.8 – 7.4) | 3.3 (1.8 – 4.8) | 0.37ˆd |
| Basophils | 0.0 (0.0 – 0.1) | 0.0 (0.0 – 0.1) | 0.0 (0.0 – 0.1) | 0.76ˆd |
aGroup A, controlled asthmatics; Group B, uncontrolled asthmatics, Control group, non-asthmatics. bData are represented at Mean ± SD, or median (range). cChi-square test. dKruskal–Wallis, post test: comparison of each Asthma group to non-asthmatic group, using Dunn’s multiple comparison (∗p-value < 0.05, ∗∗p-value < 0.01). eAtopy data not available for four asthmatic participants.