Table 2.

Group means (standard deviation) for Italian proficiency and control tasks (ps > 0.1).

Background measures	Controls (n = 30)	Attriters (n = 24)
Self-report of proficiency (7-point scale)	7 (0)	6.87 (0.2)
Listening comprehension	7 (0)	7 (0)
Reading comprehension	7 (0)	7 (0)
Pronunciation	7 (0)	6.96 (0.2)
Fluency	7 (0)	6.79 (0.6)
Vocabulary	7 (0)	6.63 (0.7)
Grammar	7 (0)	6.83 (0.4)
C-test (%)	96.3 (4.4)	95.2 (4.6)
Error-detection test (%)	90.0 (5.1)	89.5 (5.9)
Verbal semantic fluency (average of two categories)	23.4 (5.5)	21.5 (3.9)
Reading fluency (correct in 3 min)	71.6 (13.0)	75.3 (15.0)
Working memory
Correct	11.2 (2.7)	11.9 (2.6)
Span	5.4 (1.1)	5.7 (1.1)