Cross-reactivities of VLPs. The VLPs were normalized to the same starting concentrations. Samples were analyzed in duplicates; error bars show standard deviations (see also Fig. S1 in the supplemental material). The cutoff (OD490 of 0.2) is indicated with dashed lines. The GII.4 PAb cross-reacted with all six VLPs. Four MAbs (1, 3, 5, and 6) cross-reacted with all VLPs. Three MAbs (4, 9, and 11) cross-reacted with only type A VLPs. Four MAbs (2, 7, 8, and 10) had no cross-reactivity with any of the VLPs. Saga-1 VLPs (GenBank AB447456; amino acid sequence identical to that of Saga-4) were used as a positive control in all MAb experiments (black line).