HMO blocking of VLP binding to HBGAs. HMO inhibition assay of VLPs binding to HBGAs. (A) 2′FL showed little or no inhibition of VLP binding to PGM, and the IC50s were not calculated. (B) 3FL showed dose-dependent inhibition. For type A VLPs (VLP2, VLP5, and VLP7), the 3FL IC50s were 60 mM, 116 mM, and 82 mM, respectively, while for type B VLPs (VLP1, VLP4, and VLP11), the IC50s were 6 mM, 6 mM, and 3 mM, respectively. Error bars show standard deviations.