TABLE 1 .
Approaches and rescue efficiencies of reverse genetics systems for paramyxoviruses and other selected nonsegmented negative-sense RNA virusesa
| Family, genus, and/or virus | Nontemplated Gs in T7 promoter | T7 delivery method | Rescue cell type | Rescue efficiency (no. of events/105 cells) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paramyxoviridae | |||||
| Respirovirus | |||||
| SeV | 3G | vTF7-3 | BHK or HeLa | NR | 2 |
| SeV | No G | T7-vaccinia virus (vTF7-3) | LLCMK2 | 1 | 33 |
| SeV | 3G-Hh-Rbz | T7opt | BSR-T7/5 | ~4,260 | This study |
| HPIV-1 | 2G | T7-vaccinia virus (MVA-T7) | HEp-2 | NR | 34 |
| BPIV3 | 2G | T7-vaccinia virus (MVA-T7) | HEp-2 | NR | 35 |
| HPIV-3 | 2G | T7-vaccinia virus (vTF7-3) | HeLa | NR | 36 |
| HPIV-3 | No G and 2G | T7-vaccinia virus (MVA-T7) | HEp-2 | NR | 37 |
| HPIV-3 | 3G-Hh-Rbz | T7opt | BSR-T7/5 | ~600 | This study |
| Morbillivirus | |||||
| RPV | No G and 2G | T7-vaccinia virus (MVA-T7) | 293 | 0.1 | 38 |
| CDV | No G | T7-vaccinia virus (MVA-T7) | HeLa | 0.1–0.2 | 39 |
| MeV | No G | 293 cells stably expressing T7 and MeV-N/P/L | 293-3-46 | 0.1–0.6 | 1 |
| MeV | 3G-Hh-Rbz | T7opt | BSR-T7/5 | ~300 | This study |
| Rubulavirus | |||||
| HPIV-2 | 3G | T7-vaccinia virus (MVA-T7) | Vero | 0.5 | 40 |
| SV5 | 3G | T7-vaccinia virus (MVA-T7) | A549 | >0.01 (estimated) | 4 |
| MuV | No G | T7-vaccinia virus (MVA-T7) | A549 | 0.03–0.2 | 41 |
| MuV | 3G-Hh-Rbz | T7opt | BSR-T7/5 | ~1,000 | This study |
| Avulavirus | |||||
| NDV | 3G | BSR-T7/5 | BSR-T7/5 | NR | 5 |
| NDV | 2G | T7-fowlpox virus (FPV-T7) | CEF or QM5 | 0.5–5 | 42 |
| NDV | 3G-Hh-Rbz, CMV-Hh-Rbz | BSR-T7/5, RNA Pol II | CEF, BHK-21, BSR-T7/5 | NR | 43 |
| NDV | 3G-Hh-Rbz | T7opt | BSR-T7 | ~440 | This study |
| Henipavirus | |||||
| HeV | No G | pCAGGS T7 plasmid (wild-type T7 from BSR-T7/5 cells) | 293T | NR | 20 |
| NiV | No G | T7-vaccinia virus (MVAGKT7) | CV-1 | NR | 6 |
| NiV | 3G-Hh-Rbz | T7opt | BSR-T7/5 | ~10 | This study |
| Pneumoviridae | |||||
| BRSV | 3G | BSR-T7/5 (creator of this line) | BSR-T7/5 | ~1 | 9 |
| HRSV | 3G | T7-vaccinia virus (MVA-T7) | Hep-2 | 0.7–6.3 | 3 |
| HRSV | 3G | T7-vaccinia virus (MVA-T7) | HEp-2 | 0.7–6.7 | 44 |
| Rhabdoviridae | |||||
| RV | 3G | T7-vaccinia virus (vTF7-3) | BHK-21 (clone BSR) | 0.01 | 45 |
| VSV | 3G | T7-vaccinia virus (vTF7-3) | BHK-21 | 0.001–0.02 | 46 |
| VSV | 2G | T7-vaccinia virus (vTF7-3) | BHK stably expressing VSV-NP | NR | 47 |
| Filoviridae | |||||
| EBOV | 1G and 2G | BSR-T7/5 | BSR-T7/5 | ~3 | 48 |
Reported or calculated measurements of rescue efficiencies, using the indicated approach to virus rescue. Data reported in boldface were obtained in this study. NR, not reported; passaging the virus was required for detection of infectious virus and rescue efficiency could not be calculated. Abbreviations (those not defined in text): RPV, Rinderpest virus; CDV, canine distemper virus; SV5, Simian virus 5; bRSV, bovine respiratory syncytial virus; hRSV, human respiratory syncytial virus; RV, rabies virus; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus; EBOV, Ebola virus; CMV, cytomegalovirus; RNA Pol II, polymerase II.