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. 2017 Feb 14;6(1):9. doi: 10.3390/plants6010009

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effects of Ascorbate acid (ASC) on transformation efficiency by monitoring the expression of the GUS reporter gene (A) and GUS activity (B). (A) GUS expression analysis to study the transformation efficiency. GUS expression at different levels of ASC treatment was normalized by that in the control experiment (no ASC was supplied); (B) Determination of the effects of ASC on syringe agroinfiltration efficiency by GUS activity analysis. The activity of GUS in the control (without ASC supplement) experiment was used to normalize the activity of GUS at different concentrations of ASC. a, b, c, d means not sharing a common superscript differ significantly according to ANOVA Tukey’s test (p < 0.05); (C) Analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by supply of ASC. Detection of ROS by 3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining that respectively indicate the level of H₂O₂ and O²⁻; (D) Analyses of chlorophyll contents in the infiltrated leaves supplied with different concentrations of ASC.