Table 1.
The role of myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) in viral infection.
| CLR | Location | Ligand Specificity | Function | Virus | Target Protein | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DC-SIGN and L-SIGN |
Transmembrane | High mannose High fucose |
Enable viral infection | HIV | gp120 | [51,54,64] |
| EBOV | GP1 subunit | [51,52] | ||||
| HBV | HBsAg | [68] | ||||
| HCV | Envelope glycoproteins | [65] | ||||
| WNV | E protein or prM protein | [71] | ||||
| DV | E protein | [48] | ||||
| MARV | Envelope glycoproteins | [49] | ||||
| SARS-CoV | S protein | [49] | ||||
| Langerin | Transmembrane | GlcNAc Mannose Fucose |
Inhibit viral infection | HIV | gp120 | [85,88] |
| Enable viral infection | MV | F and H protein | [90] | |||
| IAV | HA | [91] | ||||
| MMR | Transmembrane | GlcNAc Mannose Fucose |
IAV | HA or NA | [123,124] | |
| HIV | gp120 | [119,121] | ||||
| DV | E protein | [122] | ||||
| HBV | HBsAg | [125] | ||||
| DCIR | Transmembrane | Mannose Fucose |
HIV | gp120 | [93,99] | |
| Inhibit viral infection | CHKV | Envelope glycoproteins | [101] | |||
| MDL-1 | Transmembrane | Non-defined | Enable viral infection | JEV | Envelope glycoproteins | [109] |
| DV | Envelope glycoproteins | [108,112,117] | ||||
| IAV | HA | [110] | ||||
| LSECtin | Transmembrane | GlcNAc Mannose Fucose |
Enable viral infection | EBOV | GP | [78] |
| HBV | HBsAg | [81] | ||||
| SARS-CoV | Envelope glycoproteins | [76] | ||||
| MGL | Transmembrane | Galactose GalNAc | Enable viral infection | EBOV | GP | [127,128] |
| IAV | HA or NA | [123,130] |
DC-SIGN: dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non integrin; L-SIGN: lymph node-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing integrin; MMR: mannose receptor; DCIR: DC immunoreceptor; MDL-1: myeloid DAP-12-associating lectin; LSECtin: liver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C-type lectin; MGL: macrophage galactose-type lectin; MBL: mannose-binding lectin; SP-A, SP-D: surfactant protein A and D; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; EBOV: Ebola virus; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; WNV: West Nile virus; DV: dengue virus; MARV: Marburg virus; IAV: influenza A virus; RSV: respiratory syncytial virus; SARS-CoV: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; JEV: Japanese encephalitis virus; MV: measles virus; CHKV: Chikungunya virus; HA: hemagglutinin; NA: neuraminidase; GPs: surface glycoproteins.