Table 3.
Association of HEIFA-2013 score with socio-demographic covariates.
| HEIFA Score | β | SE | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (Ref. Male) | Female | 3.2 | 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Age (Ref. 18–24) | 25–34 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.002 |
| 35–44 | 3.0 | 0.6 | <0.001 | |
| 45–54 | 4.3 | 0.6 | <0.001 | |
| 55–64 | 4.9 | 0.6 | <0.001 | |
| 65–74 | 5.4 | 0.7 | <0.001 | |
| 75+ | 3.6 | 0.7 | <0.001 | |
| BMI 2 (Ref. Healthy weight) | Underweight | −1.9 | 1.3 | 0.139 |
| Overweight | −0.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 | |
| Obesity | −2.7 | 0.4 | <0.001 | |
| Country of birth (Ref. Australia) | English-speaking 3 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.015 |
| Others | 6.5 | 0.4 | <0.001 | |
| SEIFA Quintiles (Ref. 1st) | 2nd | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.99 |
| 3rd | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.99 | |
| 4th | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.98 | |
| 5th-highest | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.045 | |
| Smoking (Ref. No smoker) | -6.0 | 0.4 | <0.001 | Smoking (Ref. No smoker) |
| Diabetes (Ref. No) | 2.1 | 0.6 | 0.001 | Diabetes (Ref. No) |
Scores adjusted for the effects of energy-reporting status and total energy (kJ); Ref.: referent, β indicates the change in HEIFA score per unit change of the covariates; SE: Standard Error; BMI: Body Mass Index; SEIFA: Socio-Economic Index for Area of disadvantage.