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. 2017 Jan 11;8(1):8. doi: 10.3390/insects8010008

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Life table response experiment (LTRE) analysis on the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei treated with tetracycline (0.1% w/v) compared with control (without antibiotics) and penicillin (0.1% w/v) treatments. The bars show the contribution of each life cycle transition to the reduction in population growth rate (λ) when comparing diets. (a) Control vs. Tetracycline and (b) Penicillin vs. Tetracycline. Gi: probability of transition between stages, Pi: probability of surviving and remaining in the same stage, Fi: fertility of adult females. (1) Eggs, (2) Larvae, (3) Pre-pupae, (4) Pupae, (5) Juveniles, (6) Adults.