Figure 1.

(a) Shows images of a normal forewing from a non-parasitised, parasitised asymptomatic, and a deformed honey bee; (b) Deformed wing virus (DWV) load of non-parasitised, parasitised asymptomatic, and deformed bees quantified by DWVQ RT-qPCR. Delta delta Cycle threshold (C_t) values normalised against an Actin gene control and non-parasitised asymptomatic bees; [11] and relative to the non-parasitised asymptomatic bees, shown on a log scale (c) wing length and (d) width of 45 non-parasitised (clear box blots), 45 parasitised (grey box plots) and three bees with deformed wings (black box plots). Note the broken axis to deal with the large size differences between deformed and normal forewings. ** p < 0.001 between right and left wings.