Table 4.

An overview of fabrication, application and performances of the CNTs-based composite membranes.

Membrane Material	Fabrication Method	Application	Membrane Performances		References
			Permeability (L·m−2·h−1·bar−1)	Selectivity
CNTs-TFC	Phase inversion	RO	1.2	96.1% (2000 ppm NaCl, 20 bar)	[88]
CNTs-PES	Phase inversion	NF	9.7	87.3% (200 ppm Na2SO4, 4 bar)	[89]
CNTs-PVDF	Direct coating	NF	5.0	50%–60% (200 ppm Na2SO4, 4 bar)	[90]
GO coated VA CNTs	CVD	NF	5.0	44.9% (10 mM NaCl, 15.5 bar)	[91]
PA coated VA CNTs	CVD	NF	4.0	64.8% (10 mM NaCl, 15.5 bar)	[91]
CNTs-PP	Blending	MD	36.8 (L·m−2·h−1)	99.9% (10,000 ppm NaCl)	[92]
CNTs-PTFE	Blending	MD	69 (L·m−2·h−1)	(34,000 ppm NaCl)	[93]
CNTs-PVDF	Blending	MD	19.1 (L·m−2·h−1)	93% (88 ppm NaCl and 12 ppm MgSO4)	[65]
CNTs-YSZ	CVD	MF	36	100% (210 ppm oil emulsion)	[56]
CNTs-PSF	Phase inversion	UF	47.5	97.4% (287 ppm oil emulsion, 4 bar)	[94]
CNTs-polystyrene	Photografting	UF	5000	>99.9% (oil emulsion)	[95]
CNTs-ceramic	CVD	Adsorption		99.9% (12,000 ppm CuCl2)	[96]
CNTs-mullite	CVD	UF	8.1	62.9% (100 ppm Ni(NO3)2, 4 bar)	[47]
CNTs-Al2O3	CVD	UF	>4.5	>75% (100 ppm Cu(NO3)2 at pH 6, 4 bar)	[55]
CNTs-PSF	Phase inversion	UF		94.2% (1 ppm K2Cr2O7 at pH 2.6, 4.9 bar)	[97]
CNTs-PVDF	Direct coating	MF-adsorption		10%–95% (1 ppm PPCPs)	[98]
CNTs-Al2O3	Direct coating	MF-electrochemistry		100% (5 ppm phenol, +1.5 V)	[86]
CNTs-TiO2/Al2O3	Direct coating	MF-photocatalysis	290	90% (10 ppm HA, 1 bar)	[99]
CNTs-AAO	Direct coating	MF-catalytic ozonation		20%–50% (2 µM p-CBA and 160 µM O3 at pH 7)	[100]