Figure 4.

Demonstration that polar ejection forces act along the entire chromosome. (a) Phase contrast image of a newt lung cell in which the chromosome arms on one chromosome (arrowheads) were physically separated from the kinetochore region using laser microsurgery. Note the ejection of the acentric chromosome arms away from the polar region. In contrast, the kinetochore-containing region (arrow) moves closer to the polar region. Reprinted from Rieder et al., 1986 [43] and displayed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode; (b) Schematic representation of the experiment illustrated in (a). Reprinted from Salmon, 1989 [44]. Courtesy of Elsevier.