Table 3.

Prevalence data: HIV infected (treated and untreated) versus non-infected

Author, year	Setting	Population	Case HIV+	Control HIV	ART	Diagnosis	Prevalence case %	Prevalence control %	p Value
Amusa, 2015	Nigeria	200 adults	n=150, 62.6% women Mean age=40.6	n=50, 60% women Mean age=40.2	Not stated	FPG, criteria not stated	28.0	4.0	0.01
Anastos, 2010	Rwanda	824 women	n=606 Mean age=42.4 Mean BMI=21.1	n=218 Mean age=34.7 Mean BMI=20.6	Not stated	Self-report or WHO criteria	0.5	0.5	0.98
Becker, 2010	South Africa	60 adults	n=30, 33% women Mean age=43 Mean BMI=25	n=30, 40% women Mean age=54 Mean BMI=28	Not on treatment	Prescription of anti-diabetic medication or diagnosis on admission	3.0	23.0	0.05
Brand, 2014	South Africa	20 black males requiring amputation	n=10 Mean age=47 Mean BMI=22.4	n=10 Mean age=62 Mean BMI=25.3	Not on treatment	WHO criteria or prescription of anti-diabetic medication	50.0	0.0	<0.05
Edwards, 2015	Kenya	2206 adults	n=210, 69% women Mean age=43	n=1996, 71% women Mean age=49	First-line ART used tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz; second line lopinavir/ritonavir instead of efavirenz	WHO criteria	4.8	15.0	<0.01
Fourie, 2010	South Africa	600 adults	n=300, 61% women Mean age=44 Mean BMI=22.9	n=300, 61% women Mean age=44 Mean BMI=22.8	Not on treatment	IDF criteria	36.6	43.7	0.64
Maganga, 2015	Tanzania	454 adults	n=301, 67.8% women Mean age=37 (untreated) and 40 (treated) Mean BMI=22.0 (untreated) and 23.7(treated)	n=153, 61,4% women Mean age=38 Mean BMI=23.8	n=151 not on treatment n=150 on treatment—21% on protease inhibitors (lopinavir and ritonavir); rest on other ART: nevirapine, efavirenz, tenofovir, stavudine, zidovudine	WHO criteria	9.3	5.2	0.04 (untreated vs control) and 0.001 (treated vs control)
Ngatchou, 2013	Cameroon	204 adults	n=108, 74% women Mean age=39 Mean BMI=25.1	n=96, 72% women Mean age=41 Mean BMI=28.1	Not on treatment	WHO criteria	26.0	1.0	0.01

ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, Body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; IDF, International Diabetes Federation.