Table 3.
Author, year | Setting | Population | Case HIV+ |
Control HIV |
ART | Diagnosis | Prevalence case % | Prevalence control % | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amusa, 2015 | Nigeria | 200 adults | n=150, 62.6% women Mean age=40.6 |
n=50, 60% women Mean age=40.2 |
Not stated | FPG, criteria not stated | 28.0 | 4.0 | 0.01 |
Anastos, 2010 | Rwanda | 824 women | n=606 Mean age=42.4 Mean BMI=21.1 |
n=218 Mean age=34.7 Mean BMI=20.6 |
Not stated | Self-report or WHO criteria | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.98 |
Becker, 2010 | South Africa | 60 adults | n=30, 33% women Mean age=43 Mean BMI=25 |
n=30, 40% women Mean age=54 Mean BMI=28 |
Not on treatment | Prescription of anti-diabetic medication or diagnosis on admission | 3.0 | 23.0 | 0.05 |
Brand, 2014 | South Africa | 20 black males requiring amputation | n=10 Mean age=47 Mean BMI=22.4 |
n=10 Mean age=62 Mean BMI=25.3 |
Not on treatment | WHO criteria or prescription of anti-diabetic medication | 50.0 | 0.0 | <0.05 |
Edwards, 2015 | Kenya | 2206 adults | n=210, 69% women Mean age=43 |
n=1996, 71% women Mean age=49 |
First-line ART used tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz; second line lopinavir/ritonavir instead of efavirenz | WHO criteria | 4.8 | 15.0 | <0.01 |
Fourie, 2010 | South Africa | 600 adults | n=300, 61% women Mean age=44 Mean BMI=22.9 |
n=300, 61% women Mean age=44 Mean BMI=22.8 |
Not on treatment | IDF criteria | 36.6 | 43.7 | 0.64 |
Maganga, 2015 | Tanzania | 454 adults | n=301, 67.8% women Mean age=37 (untreated) and 40 (treated) Mean BMI=22.0 (untreated) and 23.7(treated) |
n=153, 61,4% women Mean age=38 Mean BMI=23.8 |
n=151 not on treatment n=150 on treatment—21% on protease inhibitors (lopinavir and ritonavir); rest on other ART: nevirapine, efavirenz, tenofovir, stavudine, zidovudine |
WHO criteria | 9.3 | 5.2 | 0.04 (untreated vs control) and 0.001 (treated vs control) |
Ngatchou, 2013 | Cameroon | 204 adults | n=108, 74% women Mean age=39 Mean BMI=25.1 |
n=96, 72% women Mean age=41 Mean BMI=28.1 |
Not on treatment | WHO criteria | 26.0 | 1.0 | 0.01 |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, Body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; IDF, International Diabetes Federation.