Table 4.
Clinical characteristics of falciparum malaria patients
| Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | G6PD normal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SM (n = 77) | n | UM (n = 61) | n | |||||
| G6PD variant | Orissa | Orissab | Kerala-Kalyanb | – | – | |||
| Florescent spot test 0 h | Deficient | ND | Intermediate | 64 N/10 I/1 D | 75 | 47 N/13 I | 60 | |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 27 | 32 | 55 | 28 (22–40) | 77 | 28 (21–35) | 61 | 0.8468 |
| Sex (%, M) | M | F | F | 49 (64%) | 77 | 42 (69%) | 61 | |
| Previous malaria | Y | N | N | 16 (21%) | 76 | 21 (34%) | 61 | 0.191 |
| Days of fever | 10 | 13 | 30 | 7 (6–10) | 77 | 7 (4–10) | 61 | 0.0656 |
| Blackwater fever | N | N | N | 16 (21%) | 77 | 2 (3%) | 61 | <0.0001 |
| Severity of disease | UM | SM | UM | – | – | – | – | |
| Physical examination | ||||||||
| Temperature (°C) | 40.0 | 36.8 | 37.0 | 38.2 (37.5–39.2) | 77 | 38.2 (37.2–39.4) | 61 | 0.89 |
| Glasgow coma score | 15 | 15 | 15 | 9 (8–14) | 77 | 15 (15–15) | 61 | |
| Respiratory rate (per min) | 40 | 32 | 28 | 36 (28–44) | 77 | 26 (22–32) | 61 | <0.00001 |
| Splenomegaly | N | N | N | 16 (21%) | 77 | 7 (11%) | 61 | N = 37/33 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||||||
| Parasite count per μla | 171,821 | 10,425 | 2520 | 100,229 (15,826–353,690) | 77 | 22,244 (1200–102,615) | 61 | 0.0006 |
| PfHRP2 (mg/ml) | 384 | 1297 | 172 | 3036 (1497–9946) | 71 | 563 (143–1300) | 57 | <0.0001 |
| CFH (μM) | 1.4 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 5.3 (2.5–12.7) | 75 | 2.0 (1.3–3.6) | 57 | <0.0001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 10.9 | 5.3 | 7.8 | 8.9 (7.0–10.9) | 77 | 11.6 (8.9–13.2) | 61 | <0.0001 |
| LDH (U/l) | 141 | 967 | 275 | 643 (526–912) | 77 | 322 (230–383) | 28 | <0.0001 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl)a | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 2.0 (1.0–3.3) | 77 | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | 60 | 0.0001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.1 | 4.5 | 1.1 | 1.4 (1.1–2.9) | 77 | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 60 | 0.0002 |
| Urine pH | 5.06 | 5.00 | 6.45 | 5.57 (5.28–5.83) | 57 | 6.00 (5.62–6.43) | 36 | 0.0004 |
| pH | 7.47 | 7.37 | 7.39 | 7.38 (7.32–7.43) | 77 | 7.44 (7.40–7.47) | 61 | <0.0001 |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/l) | 19.8 | 13.9 | 22.6 | 17.3 (14.6–19.5) | 77 | 21.4 (19.6–23.5) | 61 | <0.0001 |
| pCO2 (mmHg) | 28 | 24 | 37 | 29 (25–33) | 77 | 32 (28–35) | 61 | 0.0024 |
| Lactate (mmol/l) | 2.11 | 0.71 | 1.94 | 3.9 (2.3–6.1) | 77 | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 61 | <0.0001 |
G6PD normal patients were either normal on FST or had normal G6PD sequence results
Data are number (%) or median (IQR), unless otherwise indicated
M male, F female, Y yes, N no, UM uncomplicated malaria, SM severe malaria
aGeometric mean (95% CI)
bHeterozygous