Fig. 2.

Fecal loads of enterobacteria in offspring of human microbiota-associated mice. Human microbiota-associated (hma) mice were generated by human fecal microbiota transplantation of secondary abiotic mice as described in methods. Enterobacteria were quantitatively assessed in fecal samples derived from (A) offspring (open circles; n = 21) of hma mice and (B) their mothers (closed circles; n = 5) at defined time points as indicated by culture and expressed as colony forming units per gram feces (CFU/g). Medians and significance levels (p values) determined by Mann–Whitney U test are shown. Significant differences between offspring and mothers at a defined time point (as determined by Mann–Whitney U test) are indicated by asterisks (^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001). Data were pooled from five litters