Fig. 15.

Fecal gene numbers of Clostridium coccoides group in offspring of human microbiota-associated mice. Human microbiota-associated (hma) mice were generated by human fecal microbiota transplantation of secondary abiotic mice as described in methods. Clostridium coccoides were quantitatively assessed in fecal samples derived from (A) offspring (open circles; n = 21) of hma mice and (B) their mothers (closed circles; n = 5) at defined time points by qRT-PCR and expressed as 16S rRNA gene numbers per ng DNA. Medians and significance levels (p values) determined by Mann–Whitney U test are shown. Significant differences between offspring and mothers at a defined time point (as determined by Mann–Whitney U test) are indicated by asterisks (^**p < 0.01). Data were pooled from five litters